Gilles Eerlings

ECHO: Enhancing Conversational Explainable AI through Tool-Augmented Language Models

The 17th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS) 2025

Abstract

This paper introduces ECHO, an LLM-powered system framework to explore and interrogate the internals of AI models through tool-augmented language models. While traditional XAI methods typically offer a small and technical set of explanation types, ECHO advances the accessibility and usability of AI explanations through a conversational approach, combining LLMs with a collection of tools and a human-in-the-loop process. We identify various explanation types from the literature, for which we create a set of predefined tools for tabular data. Using a modular architecture, ECHO integrates these predefined tools with dynamically generated tools to interact with AI models, facilitating tailored explanations for a large variety of user queries. This paper details ECHO’s design, implementation, and use cases, demonstrating its capabilities in the context of a movie recommender, healthcare decision tree and neural network for educational classification.

Citation

@article{
    2025vanbrabantEcho,
    author = {Vanbrabant, Sebe and Eerlings, Gilles and Rovelo Ruiz, Gustavo Alberto and Vanacken, Davy},
    title = {ECHO: Enhancing Conversational Explainable AI through Tool-Augmented Language Models},
    year = {2025},
    issue_date = {June 2025},
    publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
    address = {New York, NY, USA},
    volume = {9},
    number = {4},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3734191},
    doi = {10.1145/3734191},
    journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
    month = jun,
    articleno = {EICS014},
    numpages = {33},
    keywords = {Intelligibility, Interpretability, Explainability, Explainable AI, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Human-AI Interaction, Large Language Models}
}