ECHO: Enhancing Conversational Explainable AI through Tool-Augmented Language Models
The 17th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS) 2025
Abstract
This paper introduces ECHO, an LLM-powered system framework to explore and interrogate the internals of AI models through tool-augmented language models. While traditional XAI methods typically offer a small and technical set of explanation types, ECHO advances the accessibility and usability of AI explanations through a conversational approach, combining LLMs with a collection of tools and a human-in-the-loop process. We identify various explanation types from the literature, for which we create a set of predefined tools for tabular data. Using a modular architecture, ECHO integrates these predefined tools with dynamically generated tools to interact with AI models, facilitating tailored explanations for a large variety of user queries. This paper details ECHO’s design, implementation, and use cases, demonstrating its capabilities in the context of a movie recommender, healthcare decision tree and neural network for educational classification.

Citation
@article{
2025vanbrabantEcho,
author = {Vanbrabant, Sebe and Eerlings, Gilles and Rovelo Ruiz, Gustavo Alberto and Vanacken, Davy},
title = {ECHO: Enhancing Conversational Explainable AI through Tool-Augmented Language Models},
year = {2025},
issue_date = {June 2025},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3734191},
doi = {10.1145/3734191},
journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
month = jun,
articleno = {EICS014},
numpages = {33},
keywords = {Intelligibility, Interpretability, Explainability, Explainable AI, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Human-AI Interaction, Large Language Models}
}


